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hi, everyone~
I have a question about vasp. I want to calculate the single energy at each distance between the adsorption species and the slab, can anyone tell me how to do that?

you can do this either
1) on the job-script level (i.e. preparing different POSCARs and running vasp in a do-loop with IBRION=-1;NSW=0, saving the totla energies of each step)
or
2) in a 'constant velocity' MD run setting
IBRION=0; SMASS=-2; POTIM=1
and assigning all velocities but the approaching adsorbate's one to 0.0 0.0 0.0 in POSCAR
please have a look into the online handbook, chapter Examples: Dimers for that setup.

thank you for your reply. But I still have a problem. How to set the key If I want to optimize the system during each distance?

Look up selective dynamics in the manual. You'll need to fix (say) z coordinates of an adsorbate atom and a couple of surface atoms.